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biotinylated monomeric human ace2 protein  (ACROBiosystems)


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    Structured Review

    ACROBiosystems biotinylated monomeric human ace2 protein
    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for <t>ACE2</t> binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Biotinylated Monomeric Human Ace2 Protein, supplied by ACROBiosystems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 73 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/biotinylated+human+ace2+protein/Biotinylated+Human+ACE2+%2F+ACEH+Protein%2C+Fc%2CAvitag/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__11__711006-123-16-21
    Average 95 stars, based on 73 article reviews
    biotinylated monomeric human ace2 protein - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    95/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Deep mutational scanning of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights changing amino acid preferences within epistatic hotspot residues"

    Article Title: Deep mutational scanning of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights changing amino acid preferences within epistatic hotspot residues

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711006

    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for ACE2 binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for ACE2 binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.

    Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Control, PacBio Sequencing, Variant Assay, Binding Assay, Expressing, Next-Generation Sequencing

    ( A ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on ACE2-binding affinity as determined from FACS-seq experiments with yeast-displayed RBD mutant libraries. ACE2 contact residues (black squares, bottom) defined as RBD residues with non-hydrogen atoms <5Å from ACE2 in the BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. ( B ) Deep mutational scanning data from (A) mapped to the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ), illustrating the average effect of mutations at a site (left), and the maximal effect of any mutation at a site (right). Sites of interest are labeled. ACE2 (key motifs only) is shown as transparent gray cartoon. ( C ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on yeast-surface expression levels, a proxy for folding and expression efficiency. Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. An interactive version of these heatmaps alongside previously assayed SARS-CoV-2 variant RBDs is available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/RBD-heatmaps/ .
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on ACE2-binding affinity as determined from FACS-seq experiments with yeast-displayed RBD mutant libraries. ACE2 contact residues (black squares, bottom) defined as RBD residues with non-hydrogen atoms <5Å from ACE2 in the BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. ( B ) Deep mutational scanning data from (A) mapped to the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ), illustrating the average effect of mutations at a site (left), and the maximal effect of any mutation at a site (right). Sites of interest are labeled. ACE2 (key motifs only) is shown as transparent gray cartoon. ( C ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on yeast-surface expression levels, a proxy for folding and expression efficiency. Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. An interactive version of these heatmaps alongside previously assayed SARS-CoV-2 variant RBDs is available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/RBD-heatmaps/ .

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Labeling, Expressing, Variant Assay

    ( A ) Correlation between KP.3.1.1 mutant effects on ACE2 binding in the pseudovirus whole-spike DMS study of Dadonaite et al. (change in potency of pseudoviral neutralization via soluble ACE2 protein) versus the yeast-display RBD DMS study presented here (change in binding affinity from FACS-seq titration). Correlations are separated based on residue distance from the ACE2 interface in the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Mutations whose effect on spike-mediated pseudoviral entry was < -2 units per the assay of Dadonaite et al. were not included because it is difficult to reliably measure soluble-ACE2-inhibition of entry when entry is poor. ( B ) Structural context of residues F374 and H505 in the spike trimer (PDB 9ELH ). Center, overall top-down view of the spike trimer with two RBDs in the “down” and one in the “up” conformation. Left, zoom-in on the down-down interface of RBD packing; right, zoom-in on the up-down interface of RBD packing.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Correlation between KP.3.1.1 mutant effects on ACE2 binding in the pseudovirus whole-spike DMS study of Dadonaite et al. (change in potency of pseudoviral neutralization via soluble ACE2 protein) versus the yeast-display RBD DMS study presented here (change in binding affinity from FACS-seq titration). Correlations are separated based on residue distance from the ACE2 interface in the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Mutations whose effect on spike-mediated pseudoviral entry was < -2 units per the assay of Dadonaite et al. were not included because it is difficult to reliably measure soluble-ACE2-inhibition of entry when entry is poor. ( B ) Structural context of residues F374 and H505 in the spike trimer (PDB 9ELH ). Center, overall top-down view of the spike trimer with two RBDs in the “down” and one in the “up” conformation. Left, zoom-in on the down-down interface of RBD packing; right, zoom-in on the up-down interface of RBD packing.

    Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Neutralization, Titration, Residue, Inhibition

    ( A ) Epistatic shift in the effects of mutations on ACE2 binding at each RBD position as measured in the Wuhan-Hu-1 (previously reported in ), KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 background compared to those previously measured in Omicron BA.2.86 (previously reported in ). ( B ) Mutation-level plots of epistatic shifts between BA.2.86 and KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 at sites of interest. Each scatterplot shows the measured ACE2-binding affinity of each amino acid (plotting character, – indicates deletion character) in the BA.2.86 versus KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 backgrounds. Red dashed lines mark the respective wildtype RBD affinities on each axis, and the gray dashed line indicates the additive (non-epistatic) expectation. Interactive plots enabling the comparison of all SARS-CoV-2 variants and scatterplots for all RBD sites are available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/epistatic-shifts/ .
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Epistatic shift in the effects of mutations on ACE2 binding at each RBD position as measured in the Wuhan-Hu-1 (previously reported in ), KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 background compared to those previously measured in Omicron BA.2.86 (previously reported in ). ( B ) Mutation-level plots of epistatic shifts between BA.2.86 and KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 at sites of interest. Each scatterplot shows the measured ACE2-binding affinity of each amino acid (plotting character, – indicates deletion character) in the BA.2.86 versus KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 backgrounds. Red dashed lines mark the respective wildtype RBD affinities on each axis, and the gray dashed line indicates the additive (non-epistatic) expectation. Interactive plots enabling the comparison of all SARS-CoV-2 variants and scatterplots for all RBD sites are available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/epistatic-shifts/ .

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Comparison

    Related Articles

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating Covid-19 and long Covid
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating COVID-19 and long COVID
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating Covid-19 and long Covid
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating COVID-19 and long COVID
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Article Title: Repurposing Astragalus Polysaccharide PG2 for Inhibiting ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Syncytial Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.
    Article Snippet: Different doses of PG2 (1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL) or 10 μg/mL of inhibitor (GeneTex, cat. no. GTX635791) were then replaced and incubated for 1 h at 37 ◦C. .. Next, the plate was incubated at 37 ◦C for 1 h with 125 ng/mL of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (Cat. no. AC2-H82E6-25ug; ACROBiosystems, OX, Viruses 2023, 15, 641 5 of 19 London, UK). .. Next, 100 ng/mL/well of Streptavidin-HRP conjugates (GeneTex, cat. no. GTX635791) was added and incubated for another 1 h at 37 ◦C.

    Binding Assay:

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating Covid-19 and long Covid
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating COVID-19 and long COVID
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Positive Control:

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating Covid-19 and long Covid
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Article Title: Method and composition for preventing and treating COVID-19 and long COVID
    Article Snippet: Firstly, each well of a 96-well plate was coated with 100 μl of spike protein (500 ng/ml; cat. GTX135972-pro, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) diluted in coating buffer, consisting of sodium carbonate (15 mM), sodium hydrogen carbonate (35 mM), pH 9.6, at 4° C. overnight. .. The coated plate was then washed thrice with washing buffer consisting of PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20 (pH 7.4) and subsequently blocked with 250 μl of blocking buffer consisting of 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h at 37° C. The plate was washed thrice, then 100 μl of tested drug or inhibitor (10 μg/ml; cat. GTX635791, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added to the plate and incubated for 1 h at 37° C. 100 μl of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (10 ng/ml; cat. AC2-H82E6; ACRO Biosystems, OX, UK) was added to each well and incubated for another 1 h at 37° C. The binding of spike protein and ACE2 receptor without drug or inhibitor was considered as positive control. .. The plate was then washed thrice with wash buffer before adding 100 μl of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (100 ng/ml; cat. GTX30949, GeneTex, Taipei, Taiwan) in dilution buffer was added and incubating for 1 h at 37° C. The plate was then washed and incubated with 200 μl of TMB substrate per well for 20 min at 37° C. under light protection.

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: An FcRn-targeted mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
    Article Snippet: Goat anti-hamster IgG (Cat# NB1207141) was acquired from Novus (Centennial, CO). .. We purchased recombinant biotinylated human and biotinylated mouse FcRn/β2m (Cat# FCM-H82W4 and FCM-M82W6) and biotinylated human and mouse FcγRI proteins (Cat# FCA-H82E8 and CD4-M82E7), and biotinylated human ACE2 protein (Cat# AC2-H82E6) from AcroBiosystems (Newark, DE). ..

    Article Title: An FcRn-targeted mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission
    Article Snippet: Goat anti-hamster IgG (Cat# NB1207141) was acquired from Novus (Centennial, CO). .. We purchased recombinant biotinylated human and biotinylated mouse FcRn/β2m (Cat# FCM-H82W4 and FCM-M82W6) and biotinylated human and mouse FcγRI proteins (Cat# FCA-H82E8 and CD4-M82E7), and biotinylated human ACE2 protein (Cat# AC2-H82E6) from AcroBiosystems (Newark, DE). ..

    Labeling:

    Article Title: Deep learning-guided selection of antibody therapies with enhanced resistance to current and prospective SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants
    Article Snippet: Approximately 10 cells were spun down by centrifugation at 3500 x g for 3 min and washed once with 5 mL cold wash buffer [DPBS (PAN Biotech, P04-53500)+0.5% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, A2153)+2 mM EDTA (Biosolve, 051423)+0.1% Tween20 (Sigma Aldrich, P1379)]. .. Next, cells were labeled with 50 nM of biotinylated human ACE2 protein (Acro Biosystems, AC2-H82E6) for 30 minutes at 4°C at 700 RPM on a shaker (Eppendorf, ThermoMixer C). ..



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    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for <t>ACE2</t> binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Biotinylated Monomeric Human Ace2 Protein, supplied by ACROBiosystems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/biotinylated+human+ace2+protein/Biotinylated+Human+ACE2+%2F+ACEH+Protein%2C+Fc%2CAvitag/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__11__711006-123-16-21
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    biotinylated monomeric human ace2 protein - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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    ACROBiosystems biotinylated human ace2
    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for <t>ACE2</t> binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Biotinylated Human Ace2, supplied by ACROBiosystems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/biotinylated+human+ace2+protein/Biotinylated+Human+ACE2+%2F+ACEH+Protein%2C+Fc%2CAvitag/pm41723919-124-18-21
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    biotinylated human ace2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    95/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

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    Sino Biological ace2 buffer
    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for <t>ACE2</t> binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Ace2 Buffer, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/biotinylated+human+ace2+protein/Human+ACE2+%2F+Angiotensin-Converting+Enzyme+2+Protein+(His+Tag)%2C+Biotinylated/pm41600980-80-9-18
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ace2 buffer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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    Sino Biological ace2 biotin conjugate
    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for <t>ACE2</t> binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Ace2 Biotin Conjugate, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/biotinylated+human+ace2+protein/Human+ACE2+%2F+Angiotensin-Converting+Enzyme+2+Protein+(His+Tag)%2C+Biotinylated/bio_rxiv__64898__2025__12__18__694353-336-8-10
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ace2 biotin conjugate - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Sino Biological biotinylated ace2 protein
    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for <t>ACE2</t> binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.
    Biotinylated Ace2 Protein, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/biotinylated+human+ace2+protein/Human+ACE2+Angiotensin-Converting+Enzyme+2+Protein+(Fc+Tag)%2C+Biotinylated/pm40957304-89-7-10
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    biotinylated ace2 protein - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for ACE2 binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Deep mutational scanning of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights changing amino acid preferences within epistatic hotspot residues

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711006

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Diagram of the RBD substitutions that distinguish Omicron BA.2.86 from Wuhan-Hu-1 (top), Omicron KP.3.1.1 from BA.2.86 (middle), and Omicron LP.8.1 from BA.2.86 (bottom). Dashed lines show propagation of BA.2.86 changes to KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1, and italicized mutation in LP.8.1 (H445R) indicates a secondary substitution at a site that previously changed from Wuhan-Hu-1 to BA.2.86. Wuhan-Hu-1 reference spike numbering is used throughout the manuscript. ( B-D ) Quality control of the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD site-saturation mutagenesis library as assessed by PacBio sequencing, illustrating the distribution of number of amino acid mutations per barcoded variant (B), the average number of mutations of each type across library variants (C), and the distribution of mutations across sites in the RBD over all variants (D). ( E, F ) Representative FACS gates used to sort RBD + singlet cells for ACE2 binding (E) and singlet cells for RBD expression (F), which is followed by high-throughput sequencing of cells sorted into each bin. ( G, H ) Correlation in per-mutant deep mutational scanning measurements between independently barcoded replicate libraries for ACE2-binding affinity (G) and RBD expression (H) experiments. Red dash indicates the 1:1 line.

    Article Snippet: Induced cells were washed with PBS-BSA (BSA 0.2 mg/L), split into 16-OD*mL aliquots, and incubated with biotinylated monomeric human ACE2 protein (ACROBiosystems AC2-H82E8) across a concentration range from 10 -6 to 10 -13 M at 1-log intervals, plus a 0 M sample.

    Techniques: Mutagenesis, Control, PacBio Sequencing, Variant Assay, Binding Assay, Expressing, Next-Generation Sequencing

    ( A ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on ACE2-binding affinity as determined from FACS-seq experiments with yeast-displayed RBD mutant libraries. ACE2 contact residues (black squares, bottom) defined as RBD residues with non-hydrogen atoms <5Å from ACE2 in the BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. ( B ) Deep mutational scanning data from (A) mapped to the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ), illustrating the average effect of mutations at a site (left), and the maximal effect of any mutation at a site (right). Sites of interest are labeled. ACE2 (key motifs only) is shown as transparent gray cartoon. ( C ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on yeast-surface expression levels, a proxy for folding and expression efficiency. Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. An interactive version of these heatmaps alongside previously assayed SARS-CoV-2 variant RBDs is available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/RBD-heatmaps/ .

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Deep mutational scanning of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights changing amino acid preferences within epistatic hotspot residues

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711006

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on ACE2-binding affinity as determined from FACS-seq experiments with yeast-displayed RBD mutant libraries. ACE2 contact residues (black squares, bottom) defined as RBD residues with non-hydrogen atoms <5Å from ACE2 in the BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. ( B ) Deep mutational scanning data from (A) mapped to the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ), illustrating the average effect of mutations at a site (left), and the maximal effect of any mutation at a site (right). Sites of interest are labeled. ACE2 (key motifs only) is shown as transparent gray cartoon. ( C ) Heatmap illustrating the impacts of all mutations in the KP.3.1.1 and LP.8.1 RBD on yeast-surface expression levels, a proxy for folding and expression efficiency. Raw data available in Supplemental Data 1. An interactive version of these heatmaps alongside previously assayed SARS-CoV-2 variant RBDs is available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/RBD-heatmaps/ .

    Article Snippet: Induced cells were washed with PBS-BSA (BSA 0.2 mg/L), split into 16-OD*mL aliquots, and incubated with biotinylated monomeric human ACE2 protein (ACROBiosystems AC2-H82E8) across a concentration range from 10 -6 to 10 -13 M at 1-log intervals, plus a 0 M sample.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Labeling, Expressing, Variant Assay

    ( A ) Correlation between KP.3.1.1 mutant effects on ACE2 binding in the pseudovirus whole-spike DMS study of Dadonaite et al. (change in potency of pseudoviral neutralization via soluble ACE2 protein) versus the yeast-display RBD DMS study presented here (change in binding affinity from FACS-seq titration). Correlations are separated based on residue distance from the ACE2 interface in the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Mutations whose effect on spike-mediated pseudoviral entry was < -2 units per the assay of Dadonaite et al. were not included because it is difficult to reliably measure soluble-ACE2-inhibition of entry when entry is poor. ( B ) Structural context of residues F374 and H505 in the spike trimer (PDB 9ELH ). Center, overall top-down view of the spike trimer with two RBDs in the “down” and one in the “up” conformation. Left, zoom-in on the down-down interface of RBD packing; right, zoom-in on the up-down interface of RBD packing.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Deep mutational scanning of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights changing amino acid preferences within epistatic hotspot residues

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711006

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Correlation between KP.3.1.1 mutant effects on ACE2 binding in the pseudovirus whole-spike DMS study of Dadonaite et al. (change in potency of pseudoviral neutralization via soluble ACE2 protein) versus the yeast-display RBD DMS study presented here (change in binding affinity from FACS-seq titration). Correlations are separated based on residue distance from the ACE2 interface in the ACE2-bound BA.2.86 RBD structure (PDB 8QSQ ). Mutations whose effect on spike-mediated pseudoviral entry was < -2 units per the assay of Dadonaite et al. were not included because it is difficult to reliably measure soluble-ACE2-inhibition of entry when entry is poor. ( B ) Structural context of residues F374 and H505 in the spike trimer (PDB 9ELH ). Center, overall top-down view of the spike trimer with two RBDs in the “down” and one in the “up” conformation. Left, zoom-in on the down-down interface of RBD packing; right, zoom-in on the up-down interface of RBD packing.

    Article Snippet: Induced cells were washed with PBS-BSA (BSA 0.2 mg/L), split into 16-OD*mL aliquots, and incubated with biotinylated monomeric human ACE2 protein (ACROBiosystems AC2-H82E8) across a concentration range from 10 -6 to 10 -13 M at 1-log intervals, plus a 0 M sample.

    Techniques: Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Neutralization, Titration, Residue, Inhibition

    ( A ) Epistatic shift in the effects of mutations on ACE2 binding at each RBD position as measured in the Wuhan-Hu-1 (previously reported in ), KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 background compared to those previously measured in Omicron BA.2.86 (previously reported in ). ( B ) Mutation-level plots of epistatic shifts between BA.2.86 and KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 at sites of interest. Each scatterplot shows the measured ACE2-binding affinity of each amino acid (plotting character, – indicates deletion character) in the BA.2.86 versus KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 backgrounds. Red dashed lines mark the respective wildtype RBD affinities on each axis, and the gray dashed line indicates the additive (non-epistatic) expectation. Interactive plots enabling the comparison of all SARS-CoV-2 variants and scatterplots for all RBD sites are available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/epistatic-shifts/ .

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Deep mutational scanning of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights changing amino acid preferences within epistatic hotspot residues

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711006

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Epistatic shift in the effects of mutations on ACE2 binding at each RBD position as measured in the Wuhan-Hu-1 (previously reported in ), KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 background compared to those previously measured in Omicron BA.2.86 (previously reported in ). ( B ) Mutation-level plots of epistatic shifts between BA.2.86 and KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 at sites of interest. Each scatterplot shows the measured ACE2-binding affinity of each amino acid (plotting character, – indicates deletion character) in the BA.2.86 versus KP.3.1.1 or LP.8.1 backgrounds. Red dashed lines mark the respective wildtype RBD affinities on each axis, and the gray dashed line indicates the additive (non-epistatic) expectation. Interactive plots enabling the comparison of all SARS-CoV-2 variants and scatterplots for all RBD sites are available at https://tstarrlab.github.io/SARS-CoV-2-RBD_DMS_Omicron-KP3-LP8/epistatic-shifts/ .

    Article Snippet: Induced cells were washed with PBS-BSA (BSA 0.2 mg/L), split into 16-OD*mL aliquots, and incubated with biotinylated monomeric human ACE2 protein (ACROBiosystems AC2-H82E8) across a concentration range from 10 -6 to 10 -13 M at 1-log intervals, plus a 0 M sample.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Comparison